Washington is shaking up the landscape for international students in the US. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has launched a comprehensive review of the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, a key pathway that allows F-1 visa holders to work in America after completing their studies. This move could reshape opportunities for thousands of foreign graduates, particularly those from STEM fields.
Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem outlined the initiative in a letter to Senator Eric Schmitt. She emphasized that the department is scrutinizing whether the current OPT framework—especially its duration and scope—aligns with US labor market needs, tax policies, and national security priorities. Noem stressed the need to ensure these programs serve American workers first while addressing congressional intent.
Over 300,000 Indian students currently study in the US, with many relying on OPT to gain practical experience post-graduation. Under the program, students can work up to 12 months, extendable by 24 months for science, technology, engineering, and math majors. Recent surges in participation have raised concerns about vulnerabilities and risks.
Noem noted that OPT was established through regulations rather than direct statutory authority. In line with President Trump’s ‘America First’ immigration agenda, DHS aims to verify if the existing rules adequately protect domestic employment and security interests. The Student and Exchange Visitor Program within US Immigration and Customs Enforcement is actively tackling these issues to mitigate weaknesses.
Senator Schmitt had previously flagged OPT as a regulatory ‘workaround’ not rooted in law, urging a full audit that could lead to modifications or elimination. This review fits into broader Trump administration efforts to overhaul employment-based immigration, targeting programs expanded via executive actions.
For countries like India, which sends the largest number of F-1 visa students, the outcome holds massive implications. As debates intensify, the balance between global talent attraction and protecting American jobs remains at the forefront.