Galwan Lessons Drive India’s Himalayan Military Build-Up

The harsh realities of the 2020 Galwan Valley clash have spurred India into a massive infrastructure development drive along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China. For years, India hesitated to build roads near the border, fearing they could aid an invading force. However, the confrontation, which highlighted China’s superior logistical capabilities built over decades, forced a re-evaluation. Now, India is investing hundreds of millions of dollars to create robust connectivity. Projects include constructing thousands of kilometers of roads, building critical tunnels such as the Zoji La tunnel for all-weather access to Ladakh, and developing airbases like Nyoma for rapid deployment. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is pushing through challenging high-altitude environments to achieve these goals. This strategic shift aims to ensure prompt troop movement, secure supply chains, and enhance overall deterrence, transforming India’s approach from one of caution to one of proactive strength.