Tag: Oil and Gas

  • Biden says U.S. will ban Russian oil imports in keeping with Putin’s invasion of Ukraine

    Staff go underneath pipes main to grease garage tanks on the central processing plant for oil and fuel on the Salym Petroleum Construction oil fields close to the Bazhenov shale formation in Salym, Russia.

    Andrey Rudakov | Bloomberg | Getty Pictures

    President Joe Biden on Tuesday introduced that the U.S. will ban imports of Russian oil, a significant escalation within the global reaction to Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine.

    The transfer got here as Western-allied international locations paintings to sever Moscow from the worldwide economic system to punish Russian President Vladimir Putin for his unprovoked aggression.

    “Nowadays I’m saying america is focused on the primary artery of Russia’s economic system. We are banning all imports of Russian oil and fuel and effort,” Biden stated on the White Area. “That implies Russian oil will now not be appropriate at U.S. ports and the American folks will deal every other robust blow to Putin’s battle gadget.”

    “It is a step we are taking to inflict additional ache on Putin,” Biden stated.

    The UK introduced its personal restrictions on purchasing Russian oil imports simply earlier than Biden spoke, pronouncing it is going to section out the rustic’s imports through the tip of the 12 months. The Eu Union previous Tuesday morning unveiled a plan to wean itself off of Russian fossil fuels.

    “We merely can not depend on a provider who explicitly threatens us,” Eu Fee President Ursula von der Leyen stated in a press liberate saying the plan.

    The U.S. imported about 672,000 barrels an afternoon from Russia in 2021, in step with figures from the Power Knowledge Management. That quantity contains more or less 8% of the overall U.S. imports of oil and delicate merchandise.

    Lots of the nation’s crude oil and petroleum imports come from Canada, Mexico and Saudi Arabia, making the U.S. a long way much less depending on Russian oil than a lot of its Eu companions.

    The scoop of the ban, showed to CNBC through two folks acquainted with the subject previous to Biden’s speech, despatched oil markets hovering Tuesday morning.

    The cost on West Texas Intermediate crude futures, contracts for April oil deliveries, hit $129.44 a barrel. That stage is slightly below a contemporary prime of $130.50 a barrel hit on March 7, which on the time was once the easiest value on oil futures since 2008.

    Putin’s movements have provoked an extraordinary global response, as dozens of nations slap crippling sanctions at the Kremlin, its ultra-rich oligarchs or even Putin himself. Russia’s forex has plummeted in price and its inventory marketplace has closed, whilst a rising record of businesses have pulled their trade in another country.

    That incorporates companies corresponding to Shell, which vowed to right away forestall all purchases of Russian crude and shutter its carrier stations within the nation.

    Within the U.S., Biden has confronted calls to focus on Russian oil, the country’s major export. However with fuel costs hovering on fears of provide shortages stemming from Russia’s battle, the U.S. president has up to now resisted the ones calls.

    U.S. fuel costs touched all-time highs at the heels of the inside track in regards to the ban on Russian oil imports.  The nationwide moderate for a gallon of normal fuel rose to a document $4.173 on Tuesday, in step with AAA. The prior document was once $4.114 from July 2008, now not adjusted for inflation.

    That is breaking information. Please test again for updates.

    — CNBC’s Pippa Stevens contributed to this document.

  • Crude oil jumps with the U.S. set to prohibit Russian imports

    A person pumps gasoline into his automobile at a petroleum station in Montebello, California on February 23, 2022, as gasoline costs hit over $6 bucks in keeping with gallon.

    Frederic J. Brown | AFP | Getty Pictures

    Oil costs jumped to their highs of the consultation with the U.S. set to prohibit Russian oil imports.

    WTI crude oil rose about 4% to close $124 a barrel. Brent crude oil, the world benchmark, jumped 4% to above $128 a barrel.

    The U.S. will announce a ban of Russian oil imports once these days, an individual conversant in the subject instructed CNBC. The ban can be with out Eu participation and come with liquefied herbal gasoline and coal, in step with a Bloomberg Information file.

    In 2021 the U.S. imported about 672,000 barrels in keeping with day of oil and delicate merchandise from Russia, or about 8% of overall imports, in step with Andrew Lipow is President of Lipow Oil Buddies, in accordance with knowledge from the Power Knowledge Management.

    The marketplace has already been self-sanctioning the Russian power complicated, with patrons warding off the country’s oil.

    “Estimates range however it’s most certainly truthful to mention that are meant to an import ban be imposed on Russia the extra quantity that turns into unavailable can be slightly restricted,” stated Tamas Varga at brokerage PVM.

    “The de facto ban on Russian crude oil imports is right here without or with executive regulation,” Lipow stated.

    Costs on the pump surge

    American citizens at the moment are paying essentially the most on the pump on document as power costs surge, contributing to rampant inflation that is hitting all spaces of the economic system.

    The nationwide reasonable for a gallon of normal gasoline rose to $4.173 on Tuesday, in step with AAA.

    The prior document was once $4.114 from July 2008, now not adjusted for inflation.

    Tuesday’s new top follows a pointy spike in gasoline since Russia invaded Ukraine, sending oil costs surging.

    Shoppers are paying 55 cents a couple of week in the past, and about 72 cents greater than remaining month.

    Oil costs, interim, jumped Sunday to costs remaining noticed in 2008.

    West Texas Intermediate crude futures, the U.S. oil benchmark, traded as top as $132.07. World benchmark Brent crude hit $139.13. However each settled smartly beneath the ones highs all the way through Monday’s buying and selling consultation.

    Mavens be expecting oil costs — and subsequently costs on the pump — to stay increased.

    Russia is a key oil and gasoline manufacturer and exporter, and the rustic’s battle on Ukraine is disrupting the worldwide marketplace.

    “Given Russia’s key function in world power provide, the worldwide economic system may quickly be confronted with probably the most greatest power provide shocks ever,” Goldman Sachs stated Monday in a word to purchasers.

  • Russia warns of $300 oil, threatens to bring to a halt Ecu fuel if West bans power imports

    Russia’s Deputy High Minister Alexander Novak chairs an OPEC and non-OPEC ministerial assembly by the use of a video link-up.

    Alexei Maishev | Tass | Getty Photographs

    Russia has threatened to near a significant fuel pipeline to Germany and warned of $300 oil costs if the West is going forward with a ban on its power exports.

    “It’s completely transparent {that a} rejection of Russian oil would result in catastrophic penalties for the worldwide marketplace,” Russian Deputy High Minister Alexander Novak stated Monday in an cope with on state tv.

    “The surge in costs can be unpredictable. It will be $300 in keeping with barrel if no longer extra.”

    Novak additionally cited Germany’s resolution ultimate month to halt the certification of the extremely contentious Nord Circulate 2 fuel pipeline, pronouncing: “We have now each and every proper to take an identical resolution and impose an embargo on fuel pumping in the course of the Nord Circulate 1 fuel pipeline.”

    “Thus far, we don’t seem to be taking one of these resolution,” Novak stated. “However Ecu politicians with their statements and accusations in opposition to Russia push us in opposition to that.”

    His feedback include Russia’s onslaught of Ukraine smartly into its 2nd week, with the already dire humanitarian disaster anticipated to irritate because the Kremlin continues its invasion.

    The U.N. has stated 1.7 million refugees have left Ukraine since Russia’s invasion of the rustic started on Feb. 24, describing it as “the fastest-growing refugee disaster in Europe since International Warfare II.”

    The U.S. has been making an allowance for whether or not to impose a ban on Russia’s oil and fuel exports as some way of punishing Moscow.

    Germany, the Netherlands and the U.Ok. have perceived to again clear of a coordinated Western embargo on Russian power exports, alternatively.

    Novak: ‘We’re able for it’

    “Ecu politicians want to in truth warn their electorate and customers what to anticipate,” Novak stated.

    “If you wish to reject power provides from Russia, cross forward. We’re able for it. We all know the place lets redirect the volumes to,” he added, with out offering additional main points.

    Oil costs soared to 14-year highs on Monday, as power marketplace individuals centered at the prospect of complete sanctions on Russia’s power exports.

    Global benchmark Brent crude futures rose 3.1% to industry at $127.04 a barrel on Tuesday morning in London, whilst U.S. West Texas Intermediate futures jumped 2.5% to industry at $122.40.

    U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken advised NBC on Sunday that President Joe Biden’s management was once in “very lively discussions” with Ecu governments about banning imports of Russian crude and herbal fuel.

    Western sanctions imposed on Russia over the invasion have up to now been in moderation built to keep away from without delay hitting the rustic’s power exports, despite the fact that there are already indicators the measures are inadvertently prompting banks and buyers to shun Russian crude.

    Ukraine has referred to as on Western allies to impose a “complete embargo” on Russian oil and fuel, despite the fact that there are fears this is able to ship world power costs hovering.

    German Chancellor Olaf Scholz on Monday driven again in opposition to calls to prohibit Russian oil and fuel, pronouncing that one of these transfer may put Europe’s power safety in peril and effort imports from Russia have been significantly necessary to electorate’ day by day lives.

    Talking at a press convention on Monday, U.Ok. High Minister Boris Johnson perceived to align himself with Germany’s Scholz in backing clear of plans to impose an oil embargo on Russia.

    “You’ll be able to’t merely shut down use of oil and fuel in a single day, even from Russia. That is clearly no longer one thing that each and every nation around the globe can do,” Johnson stated.

    Dutch High Minister Mark Rutte, in the meantime, stated on the identical press convention that reducing Russian oil and fuel imports would want to be a “step by step procedure.”

    “We need to you’ll want to deleverage our dependency on Russian fuel, on Russian oil, whilst acknowledging in this day and age that the dependency is, to a definite extent, nonetheless there,” Rutte stated.

  • International is going through a ‘sport changer’ as Russia’s struggle roils power markets, says OPEC’s Barkindo

    OPEC Secretary-Basic Mohammed Barkindo speaks right through the hole rite of the Abu Dhabi World Petroleum Exhibition and Convention in Abu Dhabi on November 11, 2019.

    – | AFP | Getty Pictures

    Mohammad Barkindo, secretary basic of OPEC, stated Monday that within the face of skyrocketing power costs the gang’s venture stays to behave as a competent provider.

    He stated the oil-producing alliance has “no regulate over present occasions” and that geopolitics have now taken over and are “dictating the tempo of the marketplace.”

    Barkindo’s feedback, made at CERAWeek by way of S&P International, come because the power business is roiled after Russia invaded Ukraine, prompting provide considerations and sending costs to document highs. Oil broke above $130 Sunday night for the primary time since 2008, and Ecu herbal gasoline costs at the moment are buying and selling at document highs.

    Nonetheless, OPEC and its allies, a gaggle referred to as OPEC+, have opted to stay manufacturing stable.

    The gang closing met on March 2, deciding to stick with a up to now agreed-upon time table to extend output by way of 400,000 barrels according to day in April. The transfer is a part of the gang’s unwinding of the virtually 10 million barrels according to day it pulled from the marketplace in April 2020 because the pandemic sapped call for for petroleum merchandise.

    Russia, which is a part of OPEC+, is likely one of the global’s biggest oil-producing international locations and the arena’s second-largest manufacturer of herbal gasoline. Monetary sanctions in opposition to the rustic by way of the U.S. and Western allies have had oblique penalties at the nation’s power complicated, and officers have stated extra sanctions may well be coming.

    Barkindo didn’t mince phrases when describing the lasting have an effect on of Russia’s invasion.

    “We face what is perhaps a world game-changer in relation to the power transition,” he stated.

    He added that he used to be hesitant to look at CERAWeek, earlier than pronouncing that it is “essential to stay communique traces open, particularly in instances of disaster like the only the arena is going through nowadays.”

    “All we will be able to do is to stick the direction,” he stated.

  • Airline shares hunch as jet gasoline surge overshadows commute rebound

    An American Airways Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner approaches for a touchdown on the Miami World Airport on December 10, 2021 in Miami, Florida.

    Joe Raedle | Getty Pictures

    Airways seeking to claw their manner out of 2 bruising pandemic years are actually dealing with the most costly jet gasoline prices in additional than 13 years.

    Russia’s invasion of Ukraine closing month has prompt an international panic round gasoline provides. Now, some analysts be expecting U.S. carriers to trim first-quarter benefit and income estimates within the coming weeks after gasoline prices rose 32% closing week by myself. The expense is typically airways’ 2d greatest, at the back of exertions.

    “The upper gasoline will greater than wipe out higher income near-term leading to modest discounts to 1Q22 estimates,” wrote MKM Companions airline analyst Conor Cunningham in a be aware.

    The surge in gasoline costs — greater than 50% to this point this yr — is the most recent problem for carriers that be expecting vacationers to return again in droves this yr as Covid-19 circumstances fall.

    Airline shares had been some of the hardest-hit industries in fresh weeks as Russia’s invasion threw markets into turmoil.

    United Airways, which has the largest global community of the U.S. carriers, used to be down greater than 10% in early-afternoon buying and selling on Monday, buying and selling at its lowest ranges since November 2020. Delta Air Strains fell greater than 8% and American Airways dropped 7%. The S&P 500, compared, is down 2% to this point on Monday.

    Airways are restricted in how a lot they are able to trim capability to lift fares as they chase passengers returning to the skies.

    For the second one quarter, U.S. home schedules are flat in comparison with 2019 “and we doubt a lot capability shall be reduce given the higher festival for the recreational buyer,” Andrew Didora, Financial institution of The usa airline analyst, stated in a Monday analysis be aware.

    Didora stated commute call for must outpace provide, specifically all over height recreational instances, “however it is going to no longer create just about sufficient pricing to offset the gasoline transfer.”

    The second one and 3rd quarters, which coincide with spring and summer time holidays, are when U.S. carriers generate the majority in their income.

    It will take months sooner than vacationers really feel the gasoline fee in tickets. Cowen & Co. airline analyst Helane Becker sees a kind of four-month extend sooner than fares catch up.

    “Because of this, it’s most probably the following few months shall be financially regarding, even if site visitors is powerful,” she stated in a be aware Friday.

    Some massive U.S. airways like American deserted gasoline hedging after oil costs peaked after which crumbled in 2014. The fuel-price hunch drove a decade of U.S. airline income that used to be ultimately upended through the coronavirus in 2020.

    “It isn’t one thing we are making an allowance for presently,” American spokesman Matt Miller stated about hedging.

    United and Delta, which owns a refinery, did not in an instant remark.

    United’s “present technique is not to input into monetary transactions to hedge the marketplace fee publicity of its anticipated gasoline intake, even if the Corporate continuously critiques its technique in line with marketplace stipulations and different components,” it stated in its annual document closing month.

    MKM Companions’ Cunningham informed CNBC that airways no longer recently hedging gasoline costs will have neglected the boat — costs are already top simply at a time when they are seeking to stay a lid on prices.

    “If somebody used to be to announce hedging these days, I believe that inventory would get obliterated,” he stated.

  • New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy considers state motion in opposition to Russia-linked Lukoil gasoline stations

    New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy on Monday mentioned the state is thinking about motion in opposition to dozens of Russian-linked Lukoil gasoline stations as he goals to sever monetary ties with the country in accordance with its invasion of Ukraine.

    “We are making an attempt to determine what to do with them,” Murphy mentioned of the gasoline stations on CNBC’s “Squawk Field.”

    The Democratic governor remaining week signed a proclamation directing state businesses to study their authority to droop licenses of Russia-owned companies, or of companies that at once spend money on Russian or Belarusian enterprises.

    There are about 33 Lukoil gasoline stations in New Jersey, Murphy mentioned. He famous, alternatively, that “they occur to be franchised by way of native New Jersey pursuits usually.”

    However “you realize what, no longer in New Jersey,” Murphy mentioned. “We are going to need to determine that out.”

    Lukoil, certainly one of Russia’s greatest power manufacturers, has greater than 200 gasoline stations within the U.S. As Russian President Vladimir Putin continues to salary battle in Ukraine, some American citizens have known as for a boycott of the stations as a part of a large push to punish Moscow’s financial system.

    However as Murphy said, the Lukoil gasoline stations in New Jersey and different states are franchised and operated by way of native citizens.

    The governor’s hedge on Lukoil comes days after the Newark town council unanimously voted to push to droop the licenses of the 2 Lukoil stations in New Jersey’s greatest town.

    Advocates for Jersey’s gasoline stations have decried the movements, announcing they just serve to harm American small trade homeowners.

    Lukoil in a observation remaining week known as for “the fast cessation” of Russia’s battle in Ukraine. President Joe Biden, who has subsidized crippling sanctions on Russia’s financial system and its ultra-rich oligarchs, faces mounting force to halt U.S. purchases of Russian oil. Crude oil costs, in the meantime, are spiking at the volatility.

    Murphy, in the meantime, has vowed to take additional steps to distance his state’s trade from Russia.

    “We are checking to peer whether or not or no longer we have now any investments in any respect in our pension finances. I believe if anything else it is de minimis and — there is a legislation coming to my table this week that can take that to 0. We wish to be certain that there aren’t any different engagements with Russia,” Murphy advised CNBC on Monday.

    “It is a battle of selection, it is from a war-mongering thug and we are going to do the whole lot we will to make a observation that, no longer in New Jersey,” the governor mentioned.

    “We’ve got some of the greatest Ukrainian populations of any American state and we put on that as a badge of honor, and we are going to stand tall with our Ukrainian brothers and sisters by any means we will,” he mentioned.

  • Hang onto your wallets, fuel costs are heading to an all-time file top

    With fuel costs at a 14-year top, it is arduous to consider paying much more on the pump. But costs are handiest heading upper.

    On Sunday, the nationwide reasonable for a gallon of fuel hit $4.009, the perfect since July 2008, in step with knowledge from AAA. 

    An building up in call for along side a discount in provide is readily riding up costs at fuel stations, the automobile team stated.

    With the new upward push, customers at the moment are paying 40 cents greater than only a week in the past.

    “There are few phrases to explain the extraordinary upward push in fuel costs over the past week, with huge spikes coast to coast in each fuel and diesel costs, as oil costs leap to their perfect since 2008,” stated Patrick De Haan, head of petroleum research at GasBuddy.

    “Omit the $4 according to gallon mark, the country will quickly set new all-time file highs and shall we push nearer to a countrywide reasonable of $4.50,” he stated. Consistent with GasBuddy, the typical value of fuel will most probably set a brand new all-time file inside an afternoon.  

    Extra from Non-public Finance:
    How the Ukraine-Russia struggle would possibly push up costs
    When purchase now, pay later comes again to chunk you
    Giant raises could also be coming back off to earth

    The worst could also be but to return, AAA additionally stated, as Russia’s warfare on Ukraine activates fears of critical provide shortages.

    Greater than 50% of the price of fuel is in response to the cost of oil, in step with the U.S. Power Knowledge Management.

    Relying on the place you reside, there would possibly already be wild upswings in costs. In Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Ohio, fuel costs jumped 30 cents or extra in a couple of week, in step with AAA.

    In California, the typical was once $5.343 as of Monday morning however some stations are charging $6 and past, in step with De Haan.  

    “Now we have by no means been on this state of affairs earlier than, with this degree of uncertainty,” he stated.

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  • Fuel costs are at their perfect since 2008 — use this app to search out the most affordable pump close to you

    A buyer pumps gas into his automotive at a provider station in San Francisco.

    Getty Photographs

    Russia’s conflict on Ukraine has been all of a sudden expanding the cost of oil on provide fears, and the have an effect on is falling on shoppers on the gasoline pump.

    Fuel costs simply hit the perfect degree since 2008, making the nationwide moderate for a standard gallon of gasoline $4.065, in step with AAA. In some spaces, costs are a lot upper. In California, for instance, the common was once $5.343 as of Monday morning.

    You’ll be able to get monetary savings via the usage of apps like GasBuddy to search out the stations with the bottom costs close to you. And it permits you to kind via gasoline sort, fee way, gasoline station logo and extra. Here is what to do.

    Zoom In IconArrows pointing outwardsGetting startedDownload the GasBuddy app, both on Apple’s App Retailer or on Google Play.Open GasBuddy and faucet “Signal Up.”Input your e mail and ZIP codeYou’ll want to proportion your location, a characteristic that may be grew to become off on your telephone settings in a while.Selecting gasTap the “in finding gasoline” tab at the backside of your display.You are able to select which gasoline sort you favor. GasBuddy permits you to clear out for normal, midgrade, top class, diesel, UNL88 and E85. I selected “common” for the demonstration screenshot above.The app displays an inventory of stations and their costs from low to prime. It additionally tells you the variability of costs. As an example, in a single Los Angeles space, it levels from $4.99 to $5.99.You’ll be able to clear out via fee way, scores, manufacturers and facilities, like restrooms or stations which might be open 24/7.If you decide on a station, you’ll be able to click on at the one you need. That can display you its complete cope with, instructions, scores, evaluations and facilities.The app may also ask you to file gasoline costs on the station, so you’ll be able to assist others get correct knowledge.

    That is it! Now you’ve gotten discovered tips on how to in finding the bottom gasoline costs close to you.

    Subscribe to CNBC on YouTube.

  • U.S. crude oil tops $130 a barrel, a 13-year top on conceivable Western ban of Russian oil

    The oil and fuel terminal on the Port of Odessa in Odessa, Ukraine, on Saturday, Jan. 22, 2022.

    Christopher Occhicone | Bloomberg | Getty Photographs

    U.S. crude oil surged greater than 8% in early buying and selling on Sunday night time because the marketplace persisted to react to provide disruptions stemming from Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine and the opportunity of a ban on Russian oil and herbal fuel.

    West Texas Intermediate crude futures, the U.S. oil benchmark, traded 8% upper to above $125 a barrel, the perfect since July 2008. At one level the associated fee rose to $130.50 Sunday night time prior to taking flight.

    The world benchmark, Brent crude, traded 9% upper to $128.60, additionally the perfect value observed since 2008. Brent hit a top of $139.13 at one level in a single day.

    “Oil is emerging at the prospect for a complete embargo of Russian oil and merchandise,” mentioned John Kilduff of Once more Capital. “Already top fuel costs are going to stay going up in a jarring model. Costs in some states can be pushing $5 lovely briefly.”

    The U.S. and its allies are bearing in mind banning Russian oil and herbal fuel imports, Secretary of State Antony Blinken mentioned in an interview with CNN’s “State of the Union” on Sunday.

    “We at the moment are speaking to our Ecu companions and allies to appear in a coordinated means on the prospect of banning the import of Russian oil whilst ensuring that there’s nonetheless a suitable provide of oil on international markets,” he mentioned. “That is an excessively lively dialogue as we discuss.”

    Whilst Western sanctions towards Russia have thus far allowed the rustic’s power business to proceed, maximum consumers are warding off Russian merchandise already. Sixty-six p.c of Russian oil is suffering to seek out consumers, in line with JPMorgan research.

    The U.S. reasonable for a gallon of fuel crowned $4 on Sunday, in line with AAA, in a fast transfer because of the struggle. The underlying price of oil accounts for greater than 50% of the price of fuel that buyers put of their automobiles.

    —With reporting via Pippa Stevens, Samantha Subin and Patti Domm.

  • Icahn reportedly sells off Occidental Petroleum stake after nearly 3 years

    Carl Icahn talking at Handing over Alpha in New York on Sept. 13, 2016.

    David A. Grogan | CNBC

    Icahn, important of Occidental’s outbidding of Chevron in a Might 2019 deal to shop for Anadarko Petroleum with $10 billion of financing from Warren Buffett, have been campaigning for the ouster of CEO Vicki Hollub for nearly a 12 months when Occidental’s stocks plunged in March 2020 — permitting Icahn to spice up his stake to ten% from 2.5%, consistent with the Magazine.

    Now, Occidental’s stocks are surging, greater than quintupling in worth since they sank under $10 in line with proportion in 2020, in large part because of the new upward thrust in oil costs. Its stocks closed Friday at $56.15 apiece; that is slightly below the place they had been prior to the Anadarko deal was once finalized, consistent with the Magazine.

    Lately, Icahn has been chopping his place in Occidental and he offered the remainder of it in fresh days, consistent with a letter Icahn despatched to Occidental’s board on Sunday. Icahn’s two representatives at the Occidental board will even surrender, the letter famous, as required by means of a agreement settlement he had reached with the corporate two years in the past this month.

    The Magazine, bringing up resources “acquainted with the subject,” stories that Icahn has learned a benefit of a few $1 billion at the Occidental funding. Buffett, in the meantime, has been purchasing Occidental lately. As of Friday, Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway reported proudly owning kind of $5 billion price of Occidental inventory.

    Icahn of past due has been concerned about smaller software corporate Southwest Fuel, consistent with the Magazine. Closing week, the power company introduced plans to split a subsidiary Icahn had referred to as for it to promote. 

    For extra main points, learn the whole Wall Side road Magazine file right here.