Tag: Markets

  • Shares making the largest strikes after hours: Intel, Ford, Roku, Enphase Power and extra

    3,760 Enphase microinverters will energy the drying and garage of greater than 50,000 lots of California rice at Pressure Ranches in Arbuckle, California, Feb. 19, 2013.

    Alison Yin | AP

    Take a look at the corporations making headlines in prolonged buying and selling.

    Intel — The generation inventory jumped just about 6% as buyers cheered a go back to profitability and better-than-expected steering. Intel projected third-quarter adjusted income of 20 cents consistent with percentage, when compared with estimates of 16 cents consistent with percentage, in keeping with Refinitiv.

    Ford — The automobile large added 1% after elevating full-year steering and beating expectancies for the second one quarter. Ford reported 72 cents in adjusted income consistent with percentage on $42.43 billion, whilst analysts surveyed via Refinitiv estimated 55 cents earned and $40.38 billion in earnings.

    Roku — Stocks of the streamer complex 8.5% following a better-than-expected quarterly file. The corporate misplaced 76 cents consistent with percentage in the second one quarter, a narrower loss than the consensus estimate of $1.26 compiled via Refinitiv. Roku’s earnings additionally got here in larger than expected, with the corporate posting $847 million in opposition to a $775 million estimate.

    First Sun — The sun inventory won 6.6% after solidly beating Wall Side road expectancies in the second one quarter. First Sun earned $1.59 consistent with percentage and noticed $811 million in earnings, whilst analysts surveyed via Refinitiv expected 96 cents earned consistent with percentage on $721 million of earnings.

    Enphase Power — Enphase tumbled 12% after the sun inventory gave a combined monetary file. The corporate stated it earned $1.47 consistent with percentage, adjusted, forward of the $1.25 consistent with percentage estimated via analysts, consistent with Refinitiv. However earnings ignored the consensus estimate via $11 million, coming in at $711 million.

    Sweetgreen — The salad chain slid 7% after lacking earnings expectancies for the second one quarter. The corporate reported $153 million whilst analysts polled via Refinitiv forecast $157 million.

    Dexcom — The clinical tool inventory rose 2% after handing over larger quarterly income and ahead steering than Wall Side road expected. The company reported 34 cents earned consistent with percentage, except pieces, on earnings of $871.3 million. Analysts polled via FactSet anticipated 23 cents consistent with percentage and $841.2 million in earnings. Dexcom raised full-year earnings steering to between $3.5 billion and $3.55 billion, whilst the typical analyst predicted $3.5 billion.

    T-Cellular — The telecommunications inventory shed 1.6% on a combined income file for the second one quarter. T-Cellular earned $1.86 consistent with percentage, above the analyst consensus estimate of $1.69, consistent with Refinitiv. However earnings got here in weaker than anticipated, with T-Cellular reporting $19.2 billion in spite of Wall Side road forecasting $19.31 billion.

    Boston Beer — Stocks climbed 9% after the alcoholic beverage corporate reaffirmed steering for the total yr and gave a robust quarterly file. Boston Beer posted $4.72 in income consistent with percentage on $603 million in earnings, whilst analysts polled via Refinitiv anticipated $3.43 consistent with percentage and $593 million in earnings.

  • First Sun publicizes 5th U.S. manufacturing unit as Inflation Relief Act fuels home production

    A employee at First Sun in Perrysburg, Ohio July 8, 2022.

    Megan Jelinger | Reuters

    First Sun, the country’s greatest sun panel producer, introduced Thursday that it’ll construct its 5th U.S. manufacturing unit because the Inflation Relief Act spurs a home production growth.

    The corporate mentioned it’ll make investments up to $1.1 billion within the new manufacturing unit, the site of which has but to be determined.

    similar making an investment information

    The brand new website online will building up First Sun’s nameplate production capability by means of 3.5 gigawatts, achieving 14 GW within the U.S. by means of 2026, the yr it is slated to return on-line.

    Together with Thursday’s announcement, First Sun has invested $2.8 billion over the last yr to ramp up manufacturing, together with a brand new website online in Alabama and expansions to present Ohio amenities. Nonetheless, First Sun has been not able to fulfill surging call for, and in April, the corporate mentioned it used to be offered out via 2026.

    The Inflation Relief Act has already spurred a flurry of unpolluted power manufacturing unit bulletins and greater than $150 billion in capital investments because it handed just about 12 months in the past, in line with estimates from American Blank Energy.

    President Biden mentioned Thursday that First Sun’s announcement, along different inexperienced power pushes, displays that “the technology of The us ceding management to our adversaries in blank power is over.”

  • Southwest Airways stocks tumble 9% as prices upward push, unit earnings slips

    Southwest Airways Boeing 737-700 plane as observed touchdown at nightfall time at Ronald Reagan Washington Nationwide Airport DCA in Arlington County, Virginia over the Potomac River in the US of The us flying over water and constructions. 

    Nicolas Economou | Nurphoto | Getty Photographs

    Southwest Airways stocks have been down about 9% in afternoon buying and selling Thursday after the airline reported decrease unit earnings and better prices for the second one quarter — and stated the tendencies are more likely to proceed this quarter.

    The Dallas-based airline’s second-quarter unit earnings dropped 8.3% from a 12 months previous, Southwest stated, mentioning a coverage alternate remaining summer season that got rid of expiration dates from Covid pandemic go back and forth credit.

    The provider stated it expects unit earnings to fall up to 7% right through the 3rd quarter on capability up 12% from a 12 months previous. It blamed “difficult comparisons from the pent-up go back and forth call for surge in 2022, and better than seasonally-normal enlargement.”

    Airways have loved document earnings in fresh months, however airfare within the U.S. has dropped from 2022, in step with the most recent inflation learn.

    Southwest stated it’s “revamping” 2024 schedules to replicate converting buyer call for as trade go back and forth earnings recovers however lags pre-pandemic ranges.

    “We’re operating to align our community, fleet plans, and staffing to raised replicate the present trade surroundings,” CEO Bob Jordan stated in an income unlock.

    Jordan stated the revamp may imply larger drops in capability than standard when call for would usually select up. The airline additionally plans to chop some short-haul flights in prefer of longer ones in addition to cut back very early and really past due departures.

    Here is how Southwest carried out in the second one quarter, in comparison with Wall Boulevard expectancies in step with Refinitiv consensus estimates:

    Adjusted income according to proportion: $1.09 vs. an anticipated $1.10Total earnings: $7.04 billion vs. an anticipated $6.98 billion

    The airline’s internet source of revenue fell to $683 million, or $1.08 a proportion, down 10% from $760 million, or $1.20 according to proportion, right through the second one quarter of 2022.

    Earnings got here in at a document $7.04 billion for the 3 months ended June 30, forward of analyst expectancies and up 4.6% from the similar quarter remaining 12 months.

    In the meantime, running bills rose greater than 12% from a 12 months previous. Stripping out gasoline, bills have been up 7.5%, on the upper finish of the corporate’s earlier value steerage due partly to deliberate salary will increase tied to open exertions agreements.

  • KKR’s personal fairness co-head says it is a nice time to do offers, however you should definitely workout warning

    A KKR emblem is displayed at the ground of the New York Inventory Alternate (NYSE), August 23, 2018.

    Brendan McDermid | Reuters

    Personal fairness corporations will have to be motivated to seek for offers regardless of the difficult rate of interest setting as the possible acquire worth has a tendency to be extra of their want, in line with KKR’s International Co-Head of Personal Fairness Pete Stavros.

    “This can be a nice time to do offers,” Stavros mentioned in an interview with CNBC’s Leslie Picker for the Turning in Alpha publication. “When you need to be extra wary is when capital is far and wide. You’ll be able to get as a lot debt as you need. The credit score markets are crimson sizzling. The M&A marketplace you realize is on hearth. The ones are instances to lift your bar and be slightly bit extra wary.”

    Zoom In IconArrows pointing outwards

    Personal fairness fundraising has bogged down vastly after a sequence of competitive rate of interest hikes made borrowing prices skyrocket. Globally, personal fairness finances raised $444.65 billion within the first part, down 20.5% 12 months over 12 months from, in line with S&P International Marketplace Intelligence.

    “When the general public markets are extra unstable and when credit score markets are tighter, higher go back offers are achieved. That is the historical past,” Stavros mentioned. “It is logical as a result of acquire costs are constrained as a result of you’ll’t borrow as a lot and the the cash you’ll borrow is costlier. That is the time to be leaning it now.

    KKR introduced its newest go out deal that concerned RBmedia, a audio-books writer that used to be offered to some other funding company H.I.G. Capital. The deal has an worker inventory possession program in position.

    Stavros mentioned personal fairness buyers should not come to a decision to sit down on sidelines or pass all in based totally available on the market setting, including that KKR instituted a rigorous means of now not over-deploying or under-deploying in any given 12 months.

    “Some of the necessary issues because it pertains to personal fairness M&A, my view is as a non-public fairness investor, you will have to now not be seeking to time the marketplace,” Stavros mentioned.

  • GDP grew at a 2.4% tempo in the second one quarter, topping expectancies in spite of recession calls

    The U.S. economic system confirmed few indicators of recession in the second one quarter, as gross home product grew at a faster-than-expected tempo all the way through the duration, the Trade Division reported Thursday.

    GDP, the sum of all items and products and services process, larger at a 2.4% annualized fee for the April-through-June duration, higher than the two% consensus estimate from Dow Jones. GDP rose at a 2% tempo within the first quarter.

    Markets moved upper after the file, with shares poised for a good open and Treasury yields on the upward push.

    Shopper spending powered the forged quarter, aided via will increase in nonresidential fastened funding, govt spending and stock enlargement.

    Possibly as necessary, inflation used to be held in test in the course of the duration. The non-public intake expenditures worth index larger 2.6%, down from a 4.1% upward thrust within the first quarter and smartly beneath the Dow Jones estimate for a achieve of three.2%.

    Shopper spending, as gauged via the dep.’s private intake expenditures index, larger 1.6% and accounted for 68% of all financial process all the way through the quarter.

    Within the face of power requires a recession, the economic system confirmed sudden resilience in spite of a chain of Federal Reserve rate of interest will increase that the majority Wall Boulevard economists or even the ones on the central financial institution be expecting to purpose a contraction.

    “It is nice to have any other quarter of certain GDP enlargement in tandem with a constantly slowing inflation fee,” mentioned Steve Rick, leader economist at TruStage. “After the day past’s resumption of rate of interest hikes, it is encouraging to peer the competitive hike cycle operating as inflation continues to say no. Customers are getting a reprieve from the emerging prices of core items, and the U.S. economic system is off to a more potent begin to the primary part of the 12 months.”

    Enlargement hasn’t posted a adverse studying since the second one quarter of 2022, when GDP fell at a nil.6% fee. That used to be the second one directly quarter of adverse enlargement, assembly the technical definition of a recession. Then again, the Nationwide Bureau of Financial Analysis is the authentic arbiter of growth and contractions, and few be expecting it to name the duration a recession.

    Thursday’s file indicated well-liked enlargement.

    Gross non-public home funding larger via 5.7% after tumbling 11.9% within the first quarter. A ten.8% surge in apparatus and a 9.7% build up in constructions helped energy that achieve.

    Executive spending larger 2.6%, together with a 2.5% soar in protection expenditures and three.6% enlargement on the state and native ranges.

    Separate studies Thursday introduced extra certain financial information.

    Sturdy items orders for pieces reminiscent of automobiles, computer systems and home equipment rose 4.7% in June, a lot upper than the 1.5% estimate, in step with the Trade Division. Additionally, weekly jobless claims totaled 221,000, a decline of seven,000 and beneath the 235,000 estimate.

    Tough employment good points and a resilient client are on the middle of the rising economic system.

    Nonfarm payrolls have grown via just about 1.7 million thus far in 2023 and the three.6% unemployment fee for June is equal to it used to be a 12 months in the past. Customers, in the meantime, proceed to spend, and sentiment gauges had been emerging in fresh months. As an example, the intently watched College of Michigan sentiment survey hit a just about two-year top in July.

    Economists have anticipated the Fed fee will increase to result in a credit score contraction that in the long run takes the air out of the expansion spurt over the last 12 months. The Fed has hiked 11 occasions since March 2022, the latest coming Wednesday with a quarter-point build up that took the central financial institution’s key borrowing fee to its perfect degree in additional than 22 years.

    Markets are having a bet that Wednesday’s hike would be the closing of this tightening cycle, even though officers reminiscent of Chairman Jerome Powell say no choice has been made at the long run coverage trail.

    Housing has been a selected comfortable spot after surging early within the Covid pandemic. Costs, even though, are appearing indicators of rebounding whilst the actual property marketplace is harassed via a loss of provide.

    Following the Wednesday fee build up, the Fed characterised enlargement as “average,” a slight spice up from the characterization of “modest” in June.

    Nonetheless, indicators of hassle persist.

    Markets had been having a bet on a recession, pushing the 2-year Treasury yield smartly above that for the 10-year notice. That phenomenon, known as an inverted yield curve, has a near-perfect file for indicating a recession within the subsequent three hundred and sixty five days.

    In a similar fashion, the inversion of the 3-month and 10-year curve is pointing to a 67% likelihood of contraction as of the tip of June, in step with a New York Fed gauge.

  • Watch are living: ECB President Christine Lagarde speaks after price choice

    [The stream is slated to start at 8:45 a.m. ET. Please refresh the page if you do not see a player above at that time.]

    Eu Central Financial institution President Christine Lagarde is because of give a press convention following the financial institution’s newest financial coverage choice.

    It introduced a brand new price build up of 1 / 4 proportion level, bringing its major price to a few.75%, finishing a complete yr of consecutive price hikes within the euro zone.

    “Inflation continues to say no however remains to be anticipated to stay too prime for too lengthy,” the ECB mentioned Thursday in a observation.

    Subscribe to CNBC on YouTube. 

  • China VC hunch is about to pull Asia-Pacific fundraising right down to a decade low

    BEIJING — China-focused project capital and different inner most funding price range have had a sluggish begin to the yr and are set to pull down Asia-Pacific fundraising to the bottom in 10 years.

    That is in keeping with a second-quarter replace Thursday from Preqin, another belongings analysis company. Choice belongings come with project capital, however now not publicly traded shares and bonds.

    “Given the continuing financial uncertainties and geopolitical tensions associated with China, traders proceed to care for a wary stance,” Angela Lai, vp and head of APAC and valuations, analysis insights, at Preqin, stated in a commentary.

    “We lately do not see traders returning in massive numbers so as to add allocations in particular to the China marketplace.”

    China’s financial rebound from the pandemic has slowed in fresh months. Demanding situations for the project capital international return additional.

    The fallout round Didi’s U.S. preliminary public providing in the summertime of 2021 and greater regulatory scrutiny from the U.S. and China paused what used to be as soon as a thriving world funding pattern.

    The U.S. could also be making an allowance for restrictions on funding in probably the most complicated Chinese language generation.

    China-focused project capital price range raised $2.7 billion in the second one quarter, a drop of greater than 50% from the primary quarter, Preqin stated. That dragged down total VC fundraising in Asia-Pacific to $4.5 billion in the second one quarter, the bottom in a minimum of 5 years, the record stated.

    “Any time you upload an extra component of regulatory possibility, or the federal government might shift gears and alter route, you are including extra possibility to the equation than the typical project capitalist needs to take,” stated Andrew J. Sherman, Washington, D.C.-based spouse at Brown Rudnick.

    Nonetheless, “no refined U.S. investor thinks they may be able to make all their cash simply making an investment within the U.S.,” he stated, noting companies are nonetheless in search of alternatives in China and India to maximise returns.

    Preqin’s analysts nonetheless see “China’s economic system as preserving the important thing to a complete restoration” in Asia-Pacific given “its wide vary of funding alternatives and deep capital markets, and critical affect as the highest buying and selling spouse for plenty of APAC nations.”

    In China, new laws for personal funding price range are set to take impact Sept. 1, with a mentioned function of “guiding” project capital funding for long-term funding in “cutting edge startups.” That is in keeping with a CNBC translation of the Chinese language.

    Falling valuations

    In inner most fairness, China-focused price range are having an “much more difficult time” this yr, Lai stated, including that during 2022, they raised just below 12% of what used to be raised in 2021.

    China-focused inner most fairness companies’ belongings underneath control additionally declined for the primary time in a minimum of 5 years, Preqin stated, noting it used to be “a building price tracking.”

    Lai stated it is a results of new capital coming in additional slowly than the corporations are liquidating current investments — and if the ones investments’ valuations decline.

    Learn extra about China from CNBC Professional

    Reflecting an international pattern in falling valuations, China-based style startup Shein raised $2 billion in the second one quarter — however at a valuation of $66 billion as opposed to $100 billion simply over a yr in the past, Preqin stated.

    Going to Japan

    Cash is in the meantime flowing to Japan.

    Asia regional price range have grown their proportion of APAC inner most fairness fundraising within the second-quarter, with Japan-focused Benefit Companions elevating the biggest quantity at just below $1 billion, Preqin stated.

    Japan had the absolute best inner most fairness deal-making in Asia-Pacific for 2 immediately quarters, whilst offers in higher China dropped by means of greater than 55% in the second one quarter from the primary, the record stated.

    We think an expanding focal point on complicated applied sciences throughout APAC because the generation race between China and the United States intensifies.

    “This marketplace is regularly perceived as decrease possibility, with somewhat solid, albeit now and again decrease, returns. The depreciation of the Jap yen towards the United States greenback has additional added to its enchantment to overseas traders, in particular actual property traders.”

    Significantly, U.S. billionaire Warren Buffett greater investments in Japan this yr.

    In different Asia-Pacific deal task in the second one quarter, Preqin famous Jap and South Korean private-equity sponsored offers in semiconductors and the electrical automobile provide chain.

    “We think an expanding focal point on complicated applied sciences throughout APAC because the generation race between China and the United States intensifies,” the record stated. “This may occasionally catalyze extra investments alongside those worth chains, implying that alternatives for personal traders may get up.”

  • McDonald’s is set to record income. This is what to anticipate

    In an aerial view, an indication is posted in entrance of a McDonald’s eating place on April 03, 2023 in San Pablo, California.

    Justin Sullivan | Getty Pictures

    McDonald’s is anticipated to record its second-quarter income sooner than the bell Thursday.

    Here is what Wall Side road analysts surveyed via Refinitiv predict:

    Income according to proportion: $2.79 expectedRevenue: $6.27 billion anticipated

    The quick-food massive is ceaselessly observed as a bellwether for the eating place trade and the wider shopper surroundings, and buyers have top expectancies for its moment quarter. McDonald’s is anticipated to record same-store gross sales enlargement of 9.2%, in step with StreetAccount estimates.

    The chain will most probably record a gross sales spice up from its Grimace Birthday Meal on the tail finish of the quarter. The meal combo, which integrated a photo-friendly pink milkshake, went viral on social media, fueled via nostalgia for the McDonaldland persona.

    However McDonald’s executives have taken a extra conservative outlook for the burger chain. Remaining quarter, CEO Chris Kempczinski mentioned some shoppers have driven again on value will increase. He additionally warned about possible recessions hitting the U.S. and Europe later this 12 months.

    Stocks of McDonald’s have risen 10% this 12 months, trailing the S&P 500’s upward push of 18% in the similar duration. McDonald’s has a marketplace worth of $213 billion.

  • Here is what modified within the new Fed observation

    U.S. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell speaks right through a information convention following a gathering of the Federal Open Marketplace Committee (FOMC) on the headquarters of the Federal Reserve on June 14, 2023 in Washington, DC.

    Drew Angerer | Getty Pictures Information | Getty Pictures

    This can be a comparability of Wednesday’s Federal Open Marketplace Committee observation with the only issued after the Fed’s earlier policymaking assembly in June.

    Textual content got rid of from the June observation is in pink with a horizontal line during the heart.

    Textual content showing for the primary time within the new observation is in pink and underlined.

    Black textual content seems in each statements.

  • The SEC needs company The us to inform buyers extra about cybersecurity breaches and what is being achieved to combat them

    The Securities and Change Fee needs company The us to inform buyers extra about cybersecurity breaches and what is being achieved to combat them. A lot more. 

    The SEC has voted 3-2 to undertake new regulations on cybersecurity disclosure. It’s going to require public firms to reveal “subject matter” cybersecurity breaches inside 4 days after a resolution that an incident used to be subject matter. 

    The SEC says it will be important to gather the knowledge to offer protection to buyers. Company The us is pushing again, claiming that the quick announcement length is unreasonable, and that it might require public disclosure that might hurt firms and be exploited through cybercriminals. 

    The general regulations will change into efficient 30 days following e-newsletter of the discharge within the Federal Check in. 

    Present cybersecurity regulations are fuzzy 

    Present regulations on when an organization must document a cybersecurity match are fuzzy. Corporations need to report an 8-Ok report back to announce main occasions to shareholders, however the SEC believes that the reporting necessities for reporting a cybersecurity match are “inconsistent.” 

    Along with requiring public firms to reveal cybersecurity breaches inside 4 days, the SEC needs further main points to be disclosed, such because the timing of the incident and the fabric have an effect on at the corporate. It’s going to additionally require disclosure of control experience on cybersecurity. 

    The pushback from company The us sounds strikingly very similar to the pushback from most of the different rulemaking proposals SEC Chair Gary Gensler has made or proposed: an excessive amount of. 

    “The SEC is asking for public disclosure of significantly an excessive amount of, too delicate, extremely subjective data, at untimely deadlines, with out needful deference to the prudential regulators of public firms or related cybersecurity specialist businesses,” the Securities Trade and Monetary Markets Affiliation (SIFMA), an business industry crew, mentioned in a letter to the SEC. 

    Trade objections

    Essentially the most distinguished business considerations are: 

    4 days is simply too quick a length. SIFMA and others declare that 4 days denies firms time to first center of attention on remediating and mitigating the affects of any incident. Untimely public disclosure may just hurt firms. The NYSE, on behalf of its indexed firms, has written to the SEC pronouncing that firms must be allowed to lengthen public disclosures in two cases: 1) pending remediation of the incident, and a couple of) if regulation enforcement determines {that a} disclosure will intrude with a civil or felony investigation. 

    The proposed rule permits the Lawyer Basic to lengthen reporting if the AG determines that instant disclosure would pose a considerable chance to nationwide safety. 

    “Untimely public disclosure of an incident with out walk in the park that the danger has been extinguished may supply unhealthy actors with helpful data to make bigger an assault,” Hope Jarkowski, NYSE Staff basic suggest, mentioned within the letter. 

    Nasdaq, in a separate letter to the SEC, is of the same opinion, noting that “the duty to reveal would possibly expose more information to an unauthorized intruder who would possibly nonetheless have get right of entry to to the corporate’s data techniques on the time the disclosure is made and probably additional hurt the corporate.” 

    Issues about replica reporting 

    Every other fear is overlapping rules. Many public firms have already got procedures in position to proportion essential details about cyber incidents with different federal businesses, together with the FBI. 

    The lead company that offers with cybersecurity is the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Safety Company (CISA) within the Division of Native land Safety. Underneath law handed ultimate 12 months, CISA is adopting cybersecurity regulations that require “essential infrastructure entities,” which would come with monetary establishments, to document cyberbreaches inside 3 days to CISA. 

    This could struggle with the SEC’s four-day rule, and would additionally create replica reporting necessities. 

    All this is going to the central factor of who must be regulating cybersecurity. “The Fee isn’t a prudential cybersecurity regulator for all registrants,” SIFMA mentioned. 

    What’s the SEC seeking to accomplish? 

    Cybersecurity is just a small a part of the greater than 50 proposed regulations Gensler has out for attention, just about 40 of which can be within the Ultimate Rule degree. 

    If there may be an underlying theme at the back of a lot of Gensler’s intensive rulemaking schedule, it’s “disclosure.”  Extra disclosure about cybersecurity, board variety, local weather trade and dozens of different problems. 

    “Gensler is claiming he needs extra transparency and thinks that may offer protection to buyers,” Mahlet Makonnen, a main at Williams & Jensen, instructed me. 

    “The concern the business has is that the knowledge gathered will put unnessary burdens on business, does now not in reality offer protection to buyers, and that the knowledge can be utilized to develop the competitive enforcement techniques beneath Gensler,” she mentioned. 

    “The additional info they have got, the extra the SEC can resolve if there are any violations of regulations and rules. It permits them to make bigger enforcement movements. The SEC will say they have got vast authority to offer protection to buyers, and the disclosures can be utilized to make bigger the enforcement movements.” 

    Every other long-time observer of the SEC, who requested to stay nameless, agreed that without equal function of stepped up disclosure is to make bigger the SEC’s enforcement energy. 

    “It’s going to permit the SEC to say they’re protective buyers, and it is going to permit them to invite Congress for more cash,” the observer instructed me. 

    “You do not get more cash from Congress through soliciting for cash for marketplace construction. You get more cash through claiming you might be protective grandma.”